Garrett McLaughlin, MS, ATC, CSCS, ART

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Loading Strategies to Resolve Patellar Tendinopathy

March 7, 2020 · by Garrett McLaughlin

| Article written on March 7th, 2020 at 1:17pm | Follow Garrett on Facebook and Instagram |

Anterior knee pain is common amongst runners, athletes, and the general population. In this article, I will attempt to explore different considerations regarding patellar tendinopathy specifically and provide various loading strategies for rehabilitating the knee back to full function.

Click here to connect with Garrett directly about your knee pain.

The patellar tendon is located directly at the front of the knee and connects the quadriceps, patella, and proximal tibia. Pain is usually localized to the inferior pole of the patella and during movements that load the quadriceps. Cook et al reports that approximately 1/3 of athletes who presented with patellar tendinopathy were unable to return to sport for more than 6-months. Therefore, early detection in less severe stages is crucial, as well as the acceptance that resolution of symptoms could take an extended period of time.

Anterior view of the knee joint and patellar tendon.

What’s important to realize about an injury to the patellar tendon is that we are dealing with a dense fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone. According to Thorpe et al, the main function of tendons is to “transfer muscle generated force to the bony skeleton, facilitating movement around a joint, and as such they are relatively passive, inelastic structures, able to resist high forces.” Despite being able to resist against high forces, as in running, jumping, and many sporting activities, tendons are susceptible to injury based on various scenarios…

The force placed upon the tendon exceeds the tissue’s load capacity
A series of small and repetitive forces are applied for a duration long enough to cause tissue breakdown
Other biomechanical factors are creating compensation elsewhere throughout the kinetic chain which ultimately increases load on the tendon

Regardless of which scenario proves to be true, the end goal of any tendon rehabilitation program is not the absence of pain, but return to full, pain-free function. Like with most injuries, rest is important and will allow the injury to calm down temporarily. However, tendon pain will likely resume when load is re-introduced to the area if the capacity of the tissue is not restored.

In the research article, ‘Current Concepts in Biomechanical Interventions for Patellofemoral Pain,’ Willy et al describe a homeostasis model first created by Scott Dye in 2005. This model suggests that the injury process can be stimulated in response to sudden bouts of increased training loads or stressors. For example, a runner or athlete that is conditioned for a specific distance or intensity but decides to increase one or both of these factors before the tendon is ready to handle the increased workload. That’s why I recommend all runners follow a structured and progressive training program which increases mileage in a safe and effective manner to build tissue tolerance.

Willy et al states that once homeostasis of the tissue is disrupted, sudden increases in training loads may no longer be able to be tolerated even if these are routine daily activities. Therefore, once the tissue is in a pathologic state, the ability to load without pain decreases significantly. The goal now becomes to re-establish this homeostatic relationship to stabilize the tissue, then progressively restore the loading capacity to be more tolerant to the forces it will encounter. Basically, excessive loading created this situation but it will also be a key factor in resolving it for long-term success.

Now, before we cover the loading strategies to resolve patellar tendinopathy, it’s important to touch on cadence, aka step rate, and it’s impact on the knee while running. Overstriding (image B below) is a term that refers to the foot landing too far in front of the body’s center of mass at initial contact. What this does is create a braking mechanism and thus increases energy absorbed at the knee.

Progressively loading the quadriceps and patellar tendon will certainly make the area more tolerant to the forces of running. At the same time, increasing cadence by just 5-10% has been shown to decrease energy absorbed at the knee by 20-34%.

Running at a higher cadence reduces stride length, disperses the amount of force over more steps, and allows the foot to land closer underneath the body’s center of mass. A combination of both approaches is important to consider in order to reduce the likelihood of injury and/or return to running following patellar tendinopathy. Click here to read a more in-depth article that I wrote on the topic called, ‘The Impact of Cadence on Running Mechanics.’

When incorporating the following loading strategies, it’s important to keep in mind the 24-hour rule. Basically, you want to stress the patellar tendon in a healthy way that limits pain to nothing above a 3 out of 10. And if pain lingers, it should resolve completely within 24-hours. This is an important concept to understand with tendon pain. A certain degree of pain is acceptable and might be needed to elicit the desired response from the tendon. However, if your pain exceeds these parameters then modifying certain variables, such as the exercise, tempo, load, and position might be warranted.

Decline Squat Progression

The Decline Squat is a fantastic exercise that utilizes a slant board or elevated heel position to increase demand on the knee. Like with all of these progressions to rehabilitate patellar tendinopathy, it’s important to understand the dose and response relationship before increasing the intensity in anyway. What I mean is, start simple and progress slowly after seeing how the tendon responds to the added load, tempo, and number of repetitions. The different variations of this movement allow you to gradually increase load on the knee joint in a progressive manner. In this video, I demonstrate the bodyweight, goblet, and 2-dumbbell Decline Squat progression.

Spanish Squat Progression

The Spanish Squat is a somewhat newer exercise that I’ve only used for the past 2-years or so. Like with all of these progressions to rehabilitate patellar tendinopathy, it’s important to understand the dose and response relationship before increasing the intensity in anyway. What I mean is, start simple and progress slowly after seeing how the tendon responds to the added load, tempo, and number of repetitions. The different variations of this movement allow you to gradually increase load on the knee joint in a progressive manner. In this video, I demonstrate the bodyweight, goblet, and 2-dumbbell Spanish Squat progression.

Lateral Step-Up with Counterbalance

Since the knee is largely influenced by stability at the foot, ankle, and hip, it’s important to successfully complete one of the bilateral exercises mentioned above and then move on to a single leg variation. The Lateral Step-Up with Counterbalance allows the body to be held in a position that loads directly into the knee joint. Like with all of these progressions to rehabilitate patellar tendinopathy, it’s important to understand the dose and response relationship before increasing the intensity in anyway. What I mean is, start simple and progress slowly after seeing how the tendon responds to the single leg position, load, tempo, and depth of the step. This exercise is usually recommended after laying the foundation with the two bilateral progressions demonstrated above.

Despite showing you two different loading progressions to properly rehabilitate patellar tendinopathy, it’s not my intention for you to complete both of these. I would start by determining which is the best starting point for you and following that path to create a more tolerant and pain-free knee. Once that’s achieved, the Lateral Step-Up with Counterbalance is a suitable next step to incorporate single leg loading and stability. This is especially important if your goal is to return to running or a change of direction sport.

I hope this article has helped you better understand patellar tendinopathy, as well as recommended strategies to reduce pain and increase function. As always, it’s important to consult with a trained healthcare professional to be properly diagnosed and understand the underlying factors which may be contributing to your injury. Please take a second to click here so we can create a structured plan to resolve your knee pain once and for all.

By: Garrett McLaughlin, MS, ATC, CSCS, ART

The Impact of Cadence on Running Mechanics

February 20, 2020 · by Garrett McLaughlin

| Article written on February 20th, 2020 at 12:25pm | Follow Garrett on Facebook and Instagram |

Cadence is a hot topic in the running world, and for good reason. When manipulated properly it can positively impact your running to improve efficiency and reduce strain on sensitized tissues. As always when it comes to changing your running form, it’s important to understand the research, seek the guidance of a trained healthcare professional, and do so in the safest way possible. This article will cover some potential benefits that cadence manipulation can have on your running mechanics.

Let’s start by defining cadence… Cadence, also known as step rate or step frequency, is the number of steps you are taking per minute (spm). An easy way to calculate this is by counting the number of steps on your conversational pace run for 30-seconds and then multiplying that number by 2. This number should vary depending on your pace, intensity, and terrain. So keep it simple by calculating cadence during your long, slow distance run first. If you’re fortunate enough to have a Garmin watch or other wearable technology, it’s likely that your cadence has been tracked all along.

Over the years, there has been a lot of debate surrounding cadence. Famous running coach, Jack Daniels, and local running stores who offer Good Form Running Clinics, often propose 180spm as the gold standard. The problem with that number is, it does not take into consideration the unique characteristics of you as a runner, how many steps per minute your body auto-regulates to, and your injury history. When altering running mechanics, it’s important to do so on an individual basis and while considering every variable. This may or may not mean 180spm ends up being the right cadence for you. And, truthfully, there was no mention of this number in any of the research articles I reviewed.

In the following sections, let’s comb through the research to determine how much impact increasing your cadence can have on your running. I will highlight various research articles and discuss the key findings of each. This will serve as a good review of the literature and you can dig deeper into any article that interests you.

Article #1: Influence of Stride Frequency and Length on Running Mechanics by Schubert et al

Objective: To determine how running mechanics change when manipulating stride frequency and stride length.

Findings:

The knee was the most affected joint when cadence was increased, which displayed a more flexed position at initial contact and less peak knee flexion during the stance phase
The ankle demonstrated a more plantar flexed position at initial contact with a higher cadence
The hip displayed less peak hip flexion and adduction during initial contact with a higher cadence
The foot lands closer to the body’s center of mass when cadence is increased
There was a reduction in peak vertical ground reaction forces
There was a reduction in center of mass vertical excursion
Increasing cadence reduces ground contact time which in turn increases leg stiffness

Click here to view this article.

Article #2: Effects of Step Rate Manipulation on Joint Mechanics During Running by Heiderscheit et al

Objective: Assess the biomechanical effect that a 5% and 10% increase in cadence has on the hip, knee, and ankle joints to determine if it is a possible strategy to reduce lower extremity injury rates.

Findings:

Step length decreased as cadence increased
Decreased center of mass vertical excursion
Reduction in braking impulse at initial contact
Foot inclination angle, peak vertical ground reaction force, and step duration only differed with a 10% increase in preferred cadence
Rate of perceived exertion increased when cadence was 10% greater than preferred cadence
A 5% increase in cadence reduced energy absorbed at the knee by approximately 20%
A 10% increase in cadence reduced energy absorbed at the knee by approximately 34%
A decrease in preferred cadence produced a similar increase in energy absorbed at the knee
A 10% decrease in cadence produced a significant increase in energy absorption at the ankle and hip joints, however, a 10% increase in cadence only reduced energy absorption at the hip joint

Click here to view this article.

Article #3: The Effects of Running Cadence Manipulation on Plantar Loading in Healthy Runners by Wellenkotter et al

Objective: Evaluate the effects of cadence manipulation on plantar loading during running.

Findings:

Total foot contact time and peak force were lower with a 5% increase in cadence
Foot contact time was greater with a 5% reduction in cadence
Faster cadence decreased heel loading and did not increase metatarsal loads
Metatarsal loads were generally reduced with an increased cadence
A 5% increase in cadence was shown to reduce plantar loads 2.4-8.0%

Click here to view this article.

Article #4: Leg Stiffness and Stride Frequency in Human Running by Farley et al

Objective: Determine the relative importance of changes to the leg spring stiffness and the angle swept by the leg spring when humans alter their stride frequency at a given running speed.

Findings:

Stiffness of the leg spring increased 2.3x between a cadence that was 26% below preferred to 36% above preferred
The leg spring becomes stiffer to accommodate a faster cadence and less stiff when accommodating a slower cadence

Click here to view this article.

In conclusion, these research articles show there may be merit when manipulating cadence in certain situations. Increasing cadence may reduce overall load into the affected tissue if you are suffering from a running-related injury and improve running efficiency. Using a metronome can be a helpful tool when increasing to 5% or 10% above your preferred cadence as shown in the articles. It’s recommended to not make any abrupt changes, but do so in a slow and progressive manner which will allow your body to adapt to these changes in running form.

If you have any questions about how cadence manipulation may affect your running or you want more information regarding the Healthy Running Program, click here to contact me directly. Thanks for reading!

By: Garrett McLaughlin, MS, ATC, CSCS, ART

‘In the Spotlight’ with Carrie Leuenhagen

February 6, 2020 · by Garrett McLaughlin

In this edition of ‘In the Spotlight,’ let’s talk with Carrie Leuenhagen. Carrie was a recent finisher and 1st place winner in the Fall 2019 Healthy Running Program’s 6-Week Challenge.

What immediately struck me about Carrie was that she was ready to go. There was no convincing or pushing needed because she brought motivation and drive to each and every session. She is very driven, hard working, and consistent. These are only a handful of the reasons why she was able to complete 95% off all tasks over the 6-week period.

Carrie decided to join the program to improve consistency within her routine, re-establish a good foundation of fitness, and lose weight. Within 6-weeks of structured strength training and corrective programming, she increased her lower body endurance on the Split Squat Hold by an average of 50-seconds per side, core strength on the Side Plank by an average of 23-seconds per side, upper body strength on the Push-Up by 10 repetitions, and upper body strength on the TRX Row by 15 repetitions. Nothing short of great results since Carrie consistently followed the plan week after week and made no excuses while doing it!

Without further ado, let’s shine the spotlight on…

Carrie Leuenhagen

Q: What do you do for work?

A: “I am a Talent Acquisition Specialist for one of the automotive suppliers, Visteon, out in Van Buren Township. My whole career was as an elementary education teacher and then 3 years ago, I switched to recruiting. I have been with Visteon since July of 2019.”

Q: When you aren’t working, what are some of your favorite hobbies?

A: “I love to read and listen to audible. I am always reading or listening to personal development/growth books. I just want to get better. I enjoy podcasts as well.”

Q: What are the top reasons you enjoy running and staying active?

A: “I have run literally since I was 11 years old when I first ran cross country and track in sixth grade. Running helps me clear my mind, make decisions and destress while also enjoying friends, the outdoors and challenging myself. I have run 5Ks to full marathons and really enjoy the half marathon distance. I love to be active not just because of the physical reasons but because it truly helps me manage stress and be energized to be my best self.”

Q: If you could live anywhere in the world where would that be? Why?

A: “I truly love the south of France. I haven’t been there since just after college but I would love to spend some time there again in retirement.”

Q: When you first started working with Garrett, what were the goals you wanted to achieve?

A: “Unfortunately, I had just had a physical and realized I had put on some weight. I knew it of course, but that’s when I faced it. I am blessed that I can go up and down the scale and people don’t really notice—but I NOTICE- and I don’t want to keep adding 5lbs until I have a problem. So I wanted to start losing weight and gain strength and then start to figure out what my running goals would be.”

Q: What was it about the 6-week program that you felt like would be a good fit for you?

A: “I have a long drive to work and the location was right on my way home. I literally knew nothing about it but Garrett’s information about the program popped up on my Facebook. I liked having group training once a week and at home workouts the other days. I knew I needed a coach and some accountability.”

Q: Were there any specific motivating factors to incorporate a more structured strength training/injury prevention program into your routine?

A: “While I have always been a runner, I have not been consistent about weight training. This program helped me to enjoy it for a change!”

Q: What are the most noticeable improvements you’ve seen so far?

A: “Ironically, I didn’t run all that much during the 6 weeks. Once I picked it up, I could tell an immediate difference in my efficiency. You would have thought I had been doing tons of miles. I just ran 7 miles yesterday and felt strong.”

Q: What is that one thing you dislike the most but continue to work on because you know it will help?

A: “STRETCHING!!!”

Q: Accountability is one of the biggest aspects of the 6-week program. Were there any key ingredients that allowed you to stay so consistent that you came in 1st place?

A: “I loved the app! It helped me so much for consistency and accountability. Plus the ability to see the videos to be reminded how to do the exercises was a big plus. The Sunday check-ins helped me to consider weekly how I did with water consumption, getting in the workouts, etc. when I otherwise might not have reflected on it. I enjoyed competing for the prizes too! : )”

Q: Looking ahead, do you have any big goals or races you are working towards in 2020?

A: “Currently I am training for the Allstate Hot Chocolate 15K in Detroit in April. I am also doing the Run the Year challenge with an on-line team.”

Thank you for reading this ‘In the Spotlight’ segment. And, a big shout out to Carrie Leuenhagen! To learn more about the Healthy Running program, please click here.

‘In the Spotlight’ with Vivian Davis

January 15, 2020 · by Garrett McLaughlin

In this edition of ‘In the Spotlight,’ let’s talk with Vivian Davis. I have had the pleasure of working with Vivian since March of 2019.

Vivian started with my hybrid training option which includes a monthly in-person consultation/evaluation and individualized program for her to complete on her own. Following my re-location to Michigan, I have been fortunate to continue working with her remotely.

Due to Vivian’s injury history, her primary focus was to reduce the likelihood of injury while also achieving a marathon P.R. and increasing bone density. Strength training can play a big role in accomplishing each of these goals and she continues to push the needle every month. In fact, Vivian consistently performs extremely well on our quarterly performance testing and is one of the only women I know that can knock out 8 chin-ups. Will we be seeing 10 from here in the next few months?!? I’ll guarantee it!

Now don’t get me wrong, Vivian is strong. But, it’s her dedication, hard work, and consistency that makes her one of my favorite people to work with.

Without further ado, let’s shine the spotlight on…

Vivian Davis

Q: Where are you from?

A: “Franklin, TN.”

Q: What do you do for work?

A: “Pinnacle Financial Partners.”

Q: When you aren’t working, what are some of your favorite hobbies?

A: “Running. That’s about it. I am a pretty boring person.”

Q: What are the top reasons you enjoy running and staying active?

A: “It has been a great stress reliever and has allowed me to meet some amazing friends, not to mention the great health benefits.”

Q: If you could live anywhere in the world where would that be? Why?

A: “Don’t laugh, Franklin, TN. It is all that I have ever known and I love it. However, I think Florida sounds pretty tempting. I do like warmer weather.”

Q: What is your biggest running and/or fitness accomplishment to date?

A: “Being able to qualify for and run the Boston Marathon.”

Q: When you first started working with Garrett, what were the goals you wanted to achieve?

A: “My biggest goal was to try and remain injury free. I have had numerous injuries over the years and it would be nice to stay away from the PT office for a long while!”

Q: Were there any specific motivating factors to incorporate a more structured strength training/injury prevention program into your routine?

A: “Yes, as I age my body does not recover as quickly so anything I can do to prevent injury I see as a plus.”

Q: What are the most noticeable improvements you’ve seen so far?

A: I feel stronger in my runs and seeing my progression as the weight has increased over the last year. Also, the quarterly testing has allowed me to see that as well.”

Q: Has there been any areas where you feel like you haven’t improved or seen results as much as you’d like?

A: “I am still working on balance and stability. I am seeing improvements, but possibly due to my scoliosis, that has been still a challenge.”

Q: What is that one thing you dislike the most but continue to work on because you know it will help?

A: “Upper body training.”

Q: How do you feel Garrett’s services may differ from other professionals in his field?

A: “My workouts are specific to running with still giving me overall body strength. He is familiar with all the running injuries and underlying causes. That is why I chose him. I can do strength training on my own, but I don’t have all the knowledge and expertise that he has to help me along. I also like that I am held accountable.”

Q: Looking ahead, do you have any new goals or races you are working towards in 2020?

A: “Obviously my biggest goal is to remain injury free or close to it. However, a bonus to this training besides running injury free is it can help me to become stronger and more efficient which allows me to become faster.”

Thank you for reading this ‘In the Spotlight’ segment. And, a big shout out to Vivian Davis! To learn more about the Healthy Running program, please click here.

3 Core Exercises That Are NOT Making You a Better Runner

December 21, 2019 · by Garrett McLaughlin

| Article written on December 21st, 2019 at 07:44am | Follow Garrett on Facebook and Instagram |

Core training is a hot topic in the running world, and for good reason. That’s because runners understand that the mid-section, or “core,” plays a vital role in maintaining form and proper mechanics throughout the running cycle. But, not everyone is targeting this area properly to see the results they are working so hard for.

Anytime you are executing a strength training or rehabilitation program, one of the key principles is specificity. Specificity can be viewed in two different ways…

Is the program specific to your individual needs, weaknesses, and imbalances?
Does the program take into consideration the specific demands of the sport/activity that you are trying to return to or improve performance in?

If you are lacking specificity in anyway, it’s not surprising why the results may be less than stellar. Therefore, I implore you to assess your current core training routine and determine what adjustments can be made for more reliable results. If you are unsure of how to make the necessary changes, this article should provide some insight into which direction to move towards.

Before we dive into the specifics, it’s important to realize that there is no such thing as a “bad exercise.” Every exercise can be beneficial depending on the person, goal, and execution. However, when it comes to running, the sport itself has a unique requirement at the spine, pelvis, and rib cage, which narrows our emphasis on the particular exercises which may be the most impactful.

Now, let’s discuss 3 core exercises that are NOT making you a better runner. And, provide recommendations on how you can improve specificity, and thus, running performance.

#1: Crunches

Crunches are the dinosaur core exercise in the strength training world. They’ve been around for years and years, and their effectiveness is heavily debated by many. In my opinion, this is a valid exercise to improve strength of the abdominals and anterior core musculature. But, if we think about the principle of specificity, it does not train a movement which you would utilize while running.

Rather than strengthening the abdominals with Crunches, let’s change our approach to still target this area but while promoting stability at the spine, pelvis, and rib cage. The best exercise which does that is called the Dead Bug.

The Dead Bug is an entry level anti-extension core stability exercise. In contrast to the Crunch, the Dead Bug uses the same musculature to fire and prevent extension of the spine. This action is vital while running as it limits excessive anterior pelvic tilt, stabilizes the spine, and positions the rib cage to promote good use of the diaphragm and respiratory system.

To learn more about the Crunch vs. Dead Bug, watch this video…

#2: Standing Lateral Flexion (Side Bends)

I completely understand the desire to complete the Standing Lateral Flexion exercise due to it’s targeted nature at the obliques and lateral core. We all want a slim waist and more defined midsection. However, while running it’s actually more efficient to prevent against this side-to-side spine motion which would greatly increase the amount of ground reaction force upon foot strike.

Of course, I’m not saying don’t target this area because it’s vital for efficient gait, as well as athletic and everyday movements. Instead, let’s change how we are doing it to reinforce stability and control at the lateral aspect of the spine, rib cage, and pelvis. This can be accomplished with the Side Plank and it’s many variations.

The Side Plank is a staple in the strength training and rehabilitation world, and for good reason. It’s often labeled as an anti-lateral flexion core stability exercise since it directly opposes the side bending action of the spine. By improving stability and preventing this type of motion, you are able to maintain alignment of the spine, levelness of the pelvis, and more efficient mechanics at the lower extremity.

To learn more about the Standing Lateral Flexion vs. Side Plank, watch this video…

#3: Cable Trunk Rotations

Cable Trunk Rotations is a fantastic core exercise to build stability and resilience in the rotational plane. Unlike the exercises mentioned above, you actually do rotate to a small degree while running as the opposite arm and leg move in a coordinated and reciprocal way. That’s why this one falls into more of a grey area if we consider our specificity principle.

The biggest issue I usually see with strengthening through a large rotational range of motion is the minimal amount of rotation inherent to running. Instead of utilizing this full range of motion, it might be more impactful to build strength in a smaller range that better replicates running. Or, switch your Trunk Rotations for the Pallof Press!

The Pallof Press is a fantastic anti-rotation core stability exercise. That means, the same muscles which create rotation are working to prevent motion at the spine. The Pallof Press can be a good substitute for Cable Trunk Rotations to build stability and resilience to minimize excessive rotation and promote good positioning of the trunk over the lower extremity.

To learn more about Cable Trunk Rotations vs. Pallof Press, watch this video…

At the end of the day, it’s important to perform a strength training and rehabilitation program that is specific to your needs. Of course, building strength is never a bad thing and you can select endless exercises to do that. However, I tend to see runners strengthening specific muscles in isolation without improving stability at the core. Both of these are needed for long-term spine health and injury resilience, but stability will more readily carryover to efficient running mechanics.

Do you want to see better results with your running in 2020? Are you tired of under-performing or consistently struggling with injuries? Click here to learn more about the Healthy Running Program.

By: Garrett McLaughlin, MS, ATC, CSCS, ART

How to Progressively Warm-Up the Calf & Ankle: A Basic Pre-Run Loading Protocol

December 9, 2019 · by Garrett McLaughlin

| Article written on December 9th, 2019 at 4:33pm | Follow Garrett on Facebook and Instagram |

One area runners need to spend more time emphasizing within their dynamic warm-up is the calf complex and ankle joint. Since running adds a lot of forces on the musculoskeletal system and these areas are so active throughout the running cycle, preparation is key to reduce the likelihood of injury and improve performance.

Let’s be honest, the lower leg often gets neglected in most dynamic warm-up and strength training programs. This is can be a problem since it’s generally an area which experiences a higher volume of running-related injuries. Therefore, properly preparing the ankle and calf for running can increase resilience to injury and preparation for subsequent runs.

In this video blog, I will outline a series of drills that progressively load the calf and ankle. Next time you warm-up for a run, follow this protocol or utilize specific exercises to fill in the gaps. This will ensure you are best prepared for the rigors of distance running.

Calf & Ankle Range of Motion

In the general context of this article, you might be wondering why I am recommending calf stretching and ankle mobility. In no way will this help prepare you for the amount of loading that the lower leg endures while running. However, ankle dorsiflexion is an important range of motion needed during the mid to late stance phase and where many runners are often limited. If you have limited range of motion at the ankle joint, I recommend addressing this early in your dynamic warm-up with some simple flexibility and mobility drills for no more than 60-90 seconds.

Wait, click here to self-assess ankle dorsiflexion to see if you need this!

Calf Raises

With any dynamic warm-up, it’s important to start simple before progressing to more specific drills that introduce higher loads. That’s why the calf raise is a logical entry point. To perform the calf raise, simply raise the heels off the floor while keeping all of your weight evenly distributed across the toes. If you need assistance with balance, hold on to a wall or sturdy object and focus on moving through the full range of motion. Perform 10 to 20 repetitions to increase tissue temperature, lubrication of the ankle joint, and activation of the calf complex.

Single Leg Calf Raises

Specificity is important as you are preparing the body for a particular sport. In this case, since running is so single leg dominant, you must incorporate drills that take this into consideration. The single leg calf raise is the unilateral version of the calf raise demonstrated previously. This further challenges the ankle and calf, as well as increases tissue temperature and joint lubrication. Perform 10 to 20 repetitions before completing the following drills.

Ankle Hops

The next two exercises are typically where most runners fail to connect their dynamic warm-up with the plyometric-like demands of running. Since running imparts 2-4 times bodyweight on a single leg, while essentially bounding from one leg to the other, the dynamic warm-up must account for this. Ankle hops is a great “in-between” exercise that places the ankle and lower leg under greater load and replicates the elastic and shock absorption demands of running. Complete 2 sets of 10-20 repetitions while gradually increasing the intensity of each hop.

Single Leg Ankle Hops

The last drill that is a perfect segue to running is single leg ankle hops. The theme continues in which we are progressively increasing the amount of load and demand on the ankle and calf to replicate what the body will endure while pounding the pavement. Single leg ankle hops is a challenging single leg plyometric activity that targets energy storage and release. For the purpose of improving readiness to run, you don’t want to over exert yourself with this drill. Instead, complete 2 sets of 5-10 repetitions as the final step before you set out on your run.

What’s important to realize about this progressive dynamic warm-up for the ankle and calf is that the same principles can be applied to any and every area of the body. By no means do I recommend only warming up in isolation. But, if you have a history of lower leg and foot injury, or feel like these areas need extra TLC, then by all means utilize the drills outlined to better prepare for running.

Please click here or comment below with questions and feedback pertaining to this article. Thanks for reading!

By: Garrett McLaughlin, MS, ATC, CSCS, ART

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